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APPARATUS FOR MATURING AND IMPROVING FERMENTED ALCOHOLIC LIQUIDS.

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4 Sheet-k-Sheet 2.

(N6 Model.)

W. SAINT MARTIN.

APPARATUS FOR MATURING AND IMPROVING FERMENTBD ALCOHOLIC LIQUIDS;

,No. 497,033. Patented Ma 9, 1893.

,4 Sheets--Sh eet 3.

(No Model.)

W.QSAINT MARTIN. APPARATUS FOR MATURING AND IMPROVING FERMENTED ALCOHOLIC LIQUIDS.

d -Ma, TIBE I Patente y 9', 1893.

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THE cams Perms co PHOTO-M7140. WASNINGTON, n c.

(No Model.) W SAINT MARTIN. 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

APPARATUS FOR MATURING AND IMPROVING FERMENTED ALGOHOLIG LIQUIDS.

UNITED Y STATES PATENT OFFICE.

IVILLIAM SAINT MARTIN, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

APPARATUS FOR MATURING AND IMPROVING FERMENTED ALCOHOLIC LIQUIDS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 497,033, dated May 9, 1893.

Application filed December 15,1892. $erial1l'o. 455,302. (No model.) Patentedin France July '7, 1 91,1 214,723 I in England December 22, 1891, No. 22, i13, and in Belgium August 31, 1892, No. 100,195.

.To ctZZ whom it may concern.-

' Improving Fermented Alcoholic Liquids, ap-

plicable also for oxidizing oleaginous and other liquids, (for which I have obtained Letters Patentin France for fifteen years, dated July 7, 1891, No. 214,728; in England for fourteen years, dated December 22, 1891, No. 22,413, and in Belgium for fifteen years, dated August 31, 1892, No. 100,195,) of which the following is a full, clear, and exact descripion.

It is known that fermented alcoholic or oleaginous liquids cannot be obtained in a state of purity whatever may be the care used in the process of manufacture or purification; they are always mixed with a varying quanity of aldehydes, essential oils and other organic compounds of a dangerous character and disagreeable flavor. It is also well known that the substances which communicate their unpleasant taste to alcohol are composed of aldehydes, oils and ethers of special composition.

My system, which may be applied to any liquid requiring to be oxidated energetically, has for its object to destroy these substances, by oxidating them, by simply passing them through the improved apparatus, in which this liquid, being finely divided, is subjected to the action of oxygen or ozone, which favor the development of the aroma of liquids. In this manner I am enabled to purify these liquids with great rapidity and above all with great efficiency, the oxygen employed being changed into ozone, either before mixture with the liquid to be treated, or during the passage of the mixture through the apparatus, in manner hereinafter more fully explained. In order to transform the oxygen into ozone in the midst of the liquid being treated, I convey the mixture, under great pressure, into the apparatus, and I so divide the particles that the oxygen, by suddenly expanding, and under the action of a violent shock, develops a large quantity of electricity and is transformed into ozone, which, owing to the extreme division of the liquid, acts upon it in all its parts and destroys all theinjurious substances aforesaid.

In order that my said invention may be fully understood and readily carried into effect,I will proceed, aided by the accompanying drawings, fully to describe the same.

In the drawings Figure 1 represents a longitudinal elevation partly in section and Fig. l a plan of my apparatus. Fig. 2 shows an end elevation. Fig. 3 represents in section drawn to a larger scale, the arrangement for finely dividing the liquid. Fig. A shows a longitudinal section of an injector as applied to my apparatus. Figs. 5 and 6 show in elevation two slight modificationsin the arrangement of the apparatus.

In all the figures like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference.

The liquid to be treated is placed in a receiver or barrel (1, whence it passes into a coil a, which serves to cool or to heat it, according to the nature of the liquid under treatment, as shown in Fig. 1. It then runsintoan injector 12, shown in vertical section at Fig. 4, where it is mixed with a certain quantity of oxygen orozone. is contained in a reservoir or metallic bottle c, whence it passes into a regulator 0, into an expansion chamber 0 into a meter 0 and into a washing vessel 0 and arrives in the injector I) either directly by the tube cZor after having traversed on ozoning apparatus 6, where, under the action of an electric current coming from a battery e, it is partly transformed into ozone. The gas enters the injector b, Fig. 4, through orifices arranged around the circumference of a tube b, the end of which is closed. It also penetrates radially into all parts of the liquid, and the mixture or emulsion thus obtained passes through a sieve 12 having very small openings, which also helps to intimately mix the two fluids, at the same time retaining the impurities which may be in the liquid being treated. From there the mixture passes to the pump f, which drives it into a pressure reservoir g furnished with a manometer and thenceinto a spray diffuser h (Fig. 3) where the oxidation, properly so called, of the liquid takes place. This spray diffuser (see Fig. 3) is formed of a cy- This as, under very high pressure,

2 ee'aoee lindrlcal drum h, the two ends of which are made of disks of thick glass h, which allows the operations carried on within to be seen from the exterior. The mixture of liquid and 5 Oxygen or ozone enters this drum by a tubet which divides into two branch es, each of which is bent bacl: at right angles and has at its extremlty a nipple t" of verysmall section, which allows a very small jet of fluid to pass wi IO great pressure. The two mouths are placed exactly opposite to each other at a very sligh distance apart but capable of being varied by a screw 2 according to the nature of the liquid to be treated.

It will be readily understood that the force of the two jets of liquid coming together is such that the shock is extremely violent and the infinitely fine spray which holds'the oxygen in suspension is thrown in all direc- 2o tlons. 'lhe same shock determines also the production of a considerable quantity of electricity, and the oxygen, under the action of the electricity, is cooled and is strongly and briskly transformed in a large propor- 2 5 tlon lnto ozone, which acts upon the products of the liquid capable of being oxidized. The liquid, after having thus been submitted to a perfect spray diffusion, and to the action of the ozone, flows away into the receiver 70. 0 In the arrangement shown at Fig. 1, the receiver 70 has the form of a tower. It receives, by the tube It and about the middle, a new current of oxygen or ozone which mixes with t e liquid. At the base of the column, a fresh 3 quantity of oxygen or ozone is injected by the tube k and whence a pump Z forces the mixture to the base of a large reservoir m, in whlch the liquid is finally cleared of the gaseous or yolatile products which are formed in 40 the oxidating re-actions. For this purpose the top of this reservoir is placed in communlcation with a receiver 9?. in which a vacuum is created by means of the pump at. This draws the liquid into receiver n, and divides 5 up the liquid, which when in receiver m was 1n a large mass, so that said volatile constituents can be readily removed by the vacuum pump. To enable the apparatus to be worked continuously I arrange two of these reservoirs m, which enables me to empty one while the other is being filled with liquid. The liquid thus oxidated is collected in a receiver 0, which is itself in communication, by means of a pipe 0' and the receiver a, with the vacuum pump, which causes, in a continuous manner, the removal of the volatile products formed by the oxidation of the injurious bodies and remaining in the liquid when it reaches receiver 0, and the oxygen which is in excess.

As is shown at Figs. 5 and 6, my apparatus is capable of various modifications, resulting from the suppression of certain organs,-which suppression is permitted by the nature of the liquid under treatment; thus in Fig. 5 the liquid to be treated is sent direct from the receiver a into the pressure chamber g by the pumps 1, thence into the spray producing apparatus h, into the receiver kandinto the receiver 0, where it is collected as j ust described. Also, in this simplified arrangement of my apparatus, the oxygen from the bottle 0 passes directly from the expansion chamber 0 to the washer c and to the spray producing apparatus h.

Fig. 6 shows how I can apply a vacuum to my apparatus; p is the vacuum pump, which is in communication with a vacuum chamber 20; this chamber is in communication, first, with the receiver 7c by the pipe 7' to draw off the others which are disengaged from the liquid in this receiver and secondly with the receiver 0 by the pipe 8 and the screw plug 8 to cause a vacuum in this chamber. The injector b and the spray diffuser h are the parts which are essentially new and which, in addition to the industrial result above described obtained by the treatment of liquids with oxygen, enable me to mix very intimately liquids which have hitherto been very d iflicult to mix by ordinary known means. I would mention particularly the mixing of wines and spirits, which has never hitherto been perfectly accomplished, but which I am enabled to do in an absolutely efficient manner.

I claim- 1. The combination, in an apparatus for oxidizing or maturing liquids, of an injector 1?, having an outer chamber or passage anda central perforated pipe, means for conducting an oxidizing fluid to said passage, and for conducting a different fluid to the perforated pipe of the injector, whereby the two fluids are thoroughly mixed, means for forcing the mixed fluid into a receiver, a spraying device communicating with the receiver, through which the fluid passes, and a vacuum producing apparatus for removing the products of the oxidation.

2. The combination, in an apparatus for oxidizing or maturing liquids, of an injector I), having an outer chamber or passage and a central perforated pipe, means for conducting an oxidizing fluid to said passage, and for conducting a different fluid to the perforated pipe of the injector, whereby the two fluids are thoroughly mixed, means for forcing the mixed fluid into a receiver, a spraying device communicating with the receiver,through which the fluid passes, an oxidizing chamber 70, and a vacuum producing apparatus for removing the products of the oxidation.

3. The combination of an injector b, and means for passing liquid therethrough, a receiver c for containing oxidizing gas under pressure, an expansion chamber connected thereto and thence to the injector, Where the liquid and gas are mixed, a spraying device h, to which the mixture is led, communicating gas and liquid receiving chamber is, and means for separating the oxidized impurities from the liquid, substantially as described.

4:- The combination, in an apparatus for oxidizing or maturing liquids, of a receiver a, a pressure chamber g, a pumping apparatus oxidizing or maturing liquids, of a receiver a,

a pressure chamber g, a pumping apparatus for forcing liquid into said chamber, a spray producing device 7r communicating with chamber g, and a separate receiver for the liquid treated, and means as described, forintrc ducing oxygen to said separate receiver and the liquid being treated, substantially as described.

The foregoing specification of my improvements'in means or apparatus for maturing and improving fermented alcoholic liquids, applicable, also, for oxidizing oleaginous and other liquids, signed by me this 1st day of 7 December, 1892.

WILLIAM SAINT MARTIN. Witnesses:

RoB'r. M. HOOPER, ALBERT MOREAUX. 

